List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy

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Life Expectancy by state in 2017 by the Measure of America

This article presents a list of United States states and territories sorted by their life expectancy at birth and by race/ethnicity in every state where the population of that racial or ethnic group is sufficiently large for robust estimates. The data in the 2017 column is taken from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for the states (2017 data),[1][2] and from the CIA World Factbook for the territories (2018 data).[3][4][5][6][7] Data in the 2010 columns comes from Measure of America's third national human development report, The Measure of America 2013–2014.[8][9] Overall, life expectancy at birth in Hawaii, Puerto Rico and California are among the longest in the nation, while life expectancy at birth in Mississippi and American Samoa are among the shortest in the nation.

The life expectancy in most states has fallen in recent years; for example, Minnesota's life expectancy in 2010 was 81.1 years, and in 2018 it was 81.0 years. The Washington Post noted in November 2018 that overall life expectancy in the United States is declining although in 2018 life expectancy had a slight increase.[10]


Life Expectancy by county in 2017 by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation program



Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Rankings (2018)[edit]

Rank State/Federal District Life Expectancy 2016[11] Life Expectancy 2010[note 1] Change 2010-2016
1.  Hawaii 82.3 81.3 Increase 1.0
2.  California 81.6 80.8 Increase 0.8
3.  New York 81.3 80.5 Increase 0.8
4.  Minnesota 81.0 81.1 Decrease 0.2
-  Puerto Rico 80.9 78.7 Increase 2.4
5.  Connecticut 80.9 80.8 Increase 0.1
6  Colorado 80.5 80.0 Increase 0.5
6.  Massachusetts 80.5 80.5 Steady
8.  Washington 80.4 79.9 Increase 0.5
8.  New Jersey 80.4 80.3 Increase 0.1
10.  Florida 80.0 79.4 Increase 0.6
11.  North Dakota 79.9 79.5 Increase 0.4
11.  Arizona 79.9 79.6 Increase 0.3
11.  Rhode Island 79.9 79.9 Steady
11.  Utah 79.9 80.2 Decrease 0.3
15.  Oregon 79.8 79.5 Increase 0.3
16.  Vermont 79.7 80.5 Decrease 0.8
17.  Nebraska 79.6 79.8 Decrease 0.2
18.  Virginia 79.5 79.0 Increase 0.5
18.  New Hampshire 79.5 80.3 Decrease 0.8
20.  Iowa 79.4 79.7 Decrease 0.3
20.  Wisconsin 79.4 80.0 Decrease 0.6
22.  Illinois 79.3 79.0 Increase 0.3
22.  Idaho 79.3 79.5 Decrease 0.2
24.  Texas 79.1 78.5 Increase 0.6
24.  Maryland 79.1 78.8 Increase 0.3
24.  South Dakota 79.1 79.5 Decrease 0.4
27.  Wyoming 79.0 78.3 Increase 0.7
28.  Alaska 78.8 78.3 Increase 0.5
28.  Montana 78.8 78.5 Increase 0.3
-  United States 78.7[17] 78.7 Steady
30.  Maine 78.7 79.2 Decrease 0.5
31.  District of Columbia 78.6 76.5 Increase 2.1
32.  Nevada 78.5 78.1 Increase 0.4
32.  Kansas 78.5 78.7 Decrease 0.2
34.  Delaware 78.4 78.4 Steady
35.  Pennsylvania 78.3 78.5 Decrease 0.2
36.  New Mexico 78.1 78.4 Decrease 0.3
37.  Michigan 78.0 78.2 Decrease 0.2
37.  North Carolina 78.0 77.8 Increase 0.2
39. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.8 77.2 Increase 0.6
40.  Missouri 77.5 77.5 Steady
41.  South Carolina 77.0 77.0 Steady
41.  Indiana 77.0 77.6 Decrease 0.6
43.  Ohio 76.9 77.8 Decrease 0.9
44.  Louisiana 76.1 75.7 Increase 0.4
45.  Oklahoma 76.0 75.9 Increase 0.1
45.  Tennessee 76.0 76.3 Decrease 0.3
47.  Arkansas 75.9 76.0 Decrease 0.1
48.  Alabama 75.4 75.4 Steady
48.  Kentucky 75.4 76.0 Decrease 0.6
50.  Mississippi 74.9 75.0 Decrease 0.1
51.  West Virginia 74.8 75.4 Decrease 0.6


Measure of America Rankings (2016)[edit]


Rank State/Federal District Life Expectancy 2018 [18] Life Expectancy 2010[note 2] Change 2010-2018
1.  Hawaii 82.5 81.3 Increase 1.2
2.  California 81.5 80.8 Increase 0.7
3.  New York 81.3 80.5 Increase 0.8
4.  Minnesota 81.0 81.1 Decrease 0.1
-  Puerto Rico 80.9 78.7 Increase 2.4
5.  Connecticut 81.0 80.8 Increase 0.2
6.  New Jersey 80.6 80.3 Increase 0.3
7.  Massachusetts 80.5 80.5 Steady
8.  Washington 80.4 79.9 Increase 0.5
9.  Colorado 80.3 80.0 Increase 0.3
10.  Rhode Island 80.1 79.9 Increase 0.2
11.  Florida 80.0 79.4 Increase 0.6
12.  North Dakota 79.9 79.4 Increase 0.5
13.  Nebraska 79.8 79.8 Steady
14.  Arizona 79.7 79.6 Increase 0.1
14.  Vermont 79.7 80.5 Decrease 0.8
14.  Oregon 79.7 79.5 Increase 0.2
17.  Utah 79.6 80.2 Decrease 0.6
18.  Virginia 79.5 79.0 Increase 0.5
18.  Iowa 79.5 79.7 Decrease 0.2
20.  Wisconsin 79.4 80.0 Decrease 0.6
20.  New Hampshire 79.4 80.3 Decrease 0.9
20.  Illinois 79.4 79.0 Increase 0.4
23.  Idaho 79.3 79.5 Decrease 0.2
24.  Maryland 79.2 78.8 Increase 0.4
25.  Texas 79.1 78.5 Increase 0.5
25.  Wyoming 79.1 78.3 Increase 0.8
27.  South Dakota 79.0 79.5 Decrease 0.5
28.  Kansas 78.8 78.7 Increase 0.1
-  United States 78.7[17] 78.7 Steady
29.  Maine 78.7 79.2 Decrease 0.5
30.  Delaware 78.6 78.4 Increase 0.2
31.  Montana 78.5 78.5 Steady
31.  District of Columbia 78.5 76.5 Increase 2.0
33.  Nevada 78.3 78.1 Increase 0.2
33.  Pennsylvania 78.3 78.5 Decrease 0.2
33.  Alaska 78.3 78.3 Steady
36.  Michigan 78.1 78.2 Decrease 0.1
37.  North Carolina 78.0 77.8 Increase 0.2
37.  New Mexico 78.0 78.4 Decrease 0.4
39. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.7 77.2 Increase 0.5
40.  Missouri 77.5 77.5 Steady
41.  Indiana 77.2 77.6 Decrease 0.4
42.  Ohio 77.1 77.8 Decrease 0.7
43.  South Carolina 77.0 77.0 Steady
44.  Louisiana 76.2 75.7 Increase 0.5
45.  Tennessee 76.1 76.3 Decrease 0.2
46.  Oklahoma 76.0 75.9 Increase 0.1
47.  Arkansas 75.9 76.0 Decrease 0.1
48.  Alabama 75.3 75.4 Decrease 0.1
48.  Kentucky 75.3 76.0 Decrease 0.7
50.  West Virginia 75.0 75.4 Decrease 0.4
51.  Mississippi 74.8 75.0 Decrease 0.2


University of Washington Rankings (2017)[edit]

Rank State/federal district/
territory		 Life Expectancy 2017
[note 3]		 Life Expectancy 2010 [note 4] Change 2010-2017 Life Expectancy, White (2010) Life Expectancy, African American
(2010)		 Life Expectancy, Asian American
(2010)		 Life Expectancy, Latino
(2010)		 Life Expectancy, Native American
(2010)
1.  Hawaii 81.5 81.3 Increase 0.2 81.2 79.7 83.5 87.3 70.2
2.  California 81.0 80.8 Increase 0.2 79.8 75.1 86.3 83.2 80.2
-  Puerto Rico 80.9 78.7 Increase 2.4 – – – – –
3.  Minnesota 80.8 81.1 Decrease 0.3 80.4 82.5 82.0 76.8 –
3.  New York 80.8 80.5 Increase 0.3 81.0 77.8 89.1 83.1 –
5.  Connecticut 80.7 80.8 Decrease 0.1 80.3 75.5 89.4 84.7 –
6.  New Jersey 80.4 80.3 Increase 0.1 80.5 77.4 88.6 83.5 –
7.  Massachusetts 80.0 80.5 Decrease 0.5 80.4 78.8 89.1 87.1 –
7.  Vermont 80.0 80.5 Decrease 0.5 80.4 84.4 – – –
7.  Colorado 80.0 80.0 Steady 80.2 76.7 87.4 79.4 –
7.  Washington 80.0 79.9 Increase 0.1 79.7 77.5 85.4 85.4 73.8
11.  Wisconsin 79.6 80.0 Decrease 0.4 80.3 74.0 86.4 86.0 72.5
-  U.S. Virgin Islands 79.4 79.2 Increase 0.2 – – – – –
12.  Iowa 79.4 79.7 Decrease 0.3 79.8 75.3 – – –
12.  New Hampshire 79.4 80.3 Decrease 0.9 80.1 86.8 – – –
14.  Utah 79.3 80.2 Decrease 0.9 80.1 74.3 84.6 82.1 –
14.  Rhode Island 79.3 79.9 Decrease 0.6 79.7 71.6 – – –
14.  Oregon 79.3 79.5 Decrease 0.2 79.2 77.2 86.2 85.4 –
14.  Florida 79.3 79.4 Decrease 0.1 79.1 75.8 88.9 83.1 –
18.  Arizona 79.2 79.6 Decrease 0.4 79.8 76.5 86.7 80.8 72.7
18.  Nebraska 79.2 79.8 Decrease 0.6 80.0 73.9 – 85.5 –
18.  Virginia 79.2 79.0 Increase 0.2 79.4 75.3 87.2 88.3 –
21.  Idaho 79.1 79.5 Decrease 0.4 79.4 83.3 – 83.4 –
21.  Illinois 79.1 79.0 Increase 0.1 79.3 73.7 87.9 85.3 –
23.  Maryland 78.9 78.8 Increase 0.1 79.4 75.5 88.2 – –
24.  Texas 78.7 78.5 Increase 0.2 78.0 74.4 88.1 80.7 –
– United States average 78.7[17] 78.7 Steady
25.  North Dakota 78.6 79.5 Decrease 0.9 80.2 84.2 – – –
26.  Delaware 78.2 78.4 Decrease 0.2 78.6 75.4 – – –
26.  Kansas 78.2 78.7 Decrease 0.5 78.8 73.6 – 83.5 –
26.  South Dakota 78.2 79.5 Decrease 1.3 80.4 81.7 – – 68.2
29.  Maine 78.1 79.2 Decrease 1.1 79.1 81.8 – – –
30.  Pennsylvania 78.0 78.5 Decrease 0.5 78.9 73.4 89.0 85.3 –
30.  Wyoming 78.0 78.3 Decrease 0.3 78.4 83.5 – – –
30.  Nevada 78.0 78.1 Decrease 0.1 76.7 75.9 88.1 84.7 –
33.  North Carolina 77.9 77.8 Increase 0.1 78.3 74.7 88.9 – 76.6
34.  Alaska 77.8 78.3 Decrease 0.5 79.4 79.3 – – 70.5
35.  New Mexico 77.7 78.4 Decrease 0.7 79.0 75.2 – 78.8 74.8
35.  Michigan 77.7 78.2 Decrease 0.5 79.0 73.4 88.7 80.0 75.3
37.  Montana 77.3 78.5 Decrease 1.2 79.1 83.4 – – 69.2
37.  District of Columbia 77.3 76.5 Increase 0.8 84.3 71.6 – – –
39. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.3 77.2 Increase 0.1 77.6 74.7 88.0 – –
40.  Missouri 77.2 77.5 Decrease 0.3 77.7 74.2 – – –
41.  Indiana 77.0 77.6 Decrease 0.6 77.7 73.8 88.1 85.9 –
42  Ohio 76.6 77.8 Decrease 1.2 78.1 73.9 87.0 85.3 –
43.  South Carolina 76.2 77.0 Decrease 0.8 77.8 74.0 – – –
-  Guam 76.0 78.2 Decrease 2.2 – – – – –
44.  Tennessee 76.1 76.3 Decrease 0.2 76.7 72.9 84.2 – –
45.  Arkansas 75.5 76.0 Decrease 0.5 76.3 72.2 – – –
45.  Louisiana 75.5 75.7 Decrease 0.2 76.7 72.4 85.6 – –
45.  Oklahoma 75.5 75.9 Decrease 0.4 76.0 72.8 – 85.0 73.8
-  Northern Mariana Islands 75.4 76.9 Decrease 1.5 – – – – –
48.  Kentucky 75.1 76.0 Decrease 0.9 76.0 73.5 – – –
49.  Alabama 75.0 75.4 Decrease 0.4 76.0 72.9 85.3 – –
50.  West Virginia 74.9 75.4 Decrease 0.5 75.4 72.8 – – –
51.  Mississippi 74.7 75.0 Decrease 0.3 76.1 72.4 – – –
-  American Samoa 73.4 74.0 Decrease 0.6 – – – – –

Subnational Human Development Index Rankings (2018)[edit]

Rank State/Federal District Life Expectancy 2018[19] Life Expectancy 2010[note 5] Change 2010-2018
1.  Hawaii 81.3 81.3 Steady
2.  Minnesota 81.1 81.1 Steady
3.  California 80.8 80.8 Steady
3.  Connecticut 80.8 80.8 Steady
5.  New York 80.5 80.5 Steady
5.  Massachusetts 80.5 80.5 Steady
5.  Vermont 80.5 80.5 Steady
8.  New Jersey 80.3 80.3 Steady
8.  New Hampshire 80.3 80.3 Steady
10.  Utah 80.2 80.2 Steady
11.  Colorado 80.0 80.0 Steady
11.  Wisconsin 80.0 80.0 Steady
13.  Washington 79.9 79.9 Steady
13.  Rhode Island 79.9 79.9 Steady
15.  Nebraska 79.8 79.8 Steady
16.  Iowa 79.7 79.7 Steady
17.  Arizona 79.6 79.6 Steady
18.  North Dakota 79.5 79.5 Steady
18.  Oregon 79.5 79.5 Steady
18.  Idaho 79.5 79.5 Steady
18.  South Dakota 79.5 79.5 Steady
22.  Florida 79.4 79.4 Steady
23.  Maine 79.2 79.2 Steady
24.  Virginia 79.0 79.0 Steady
24.  Illinois 79.0 79.0 Steady
26.  Maryland 78.8 78.8 Steady
27.  Kansas 78.7 78.7 Steady
-  United States 78.7 78.7 Steady
28.  Texas 78.6 78.6 Steady
28.  Montana 78.5 78.5 Steady
28.  Delaware 78.5 78.5 Steady
28.  Pennsylvania 78.5 78.5 Steady
32.  New Mexico 78.4 78.4 Steady
33.  Wyoming 78.3 78.3 Steady
33.  Alaska 78.3 78.3 Steady
35.  Michigan 78.2 78.2 Steady
36.  Nevada 78.1 78.1 Steady
37.  North Carolina 77.8 77.8 Steady
37.  Ohio 77.8 77.8 Steady
39.  Indiana 77.6 77.6 Steady
40.  Missouri 77.5 77.5 Steady
41. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.2 77.2 Steady
42.  South Carolina 77.0 77.0 Steady
43.  District of Columbia 76.5 76.5 Steady
44.  Tennessee 76.3 76.3 Steady
45.  Arkansas 76.0 76.0 Steady
45.  Kentucky 76.0 76.0 Steady
47.  Oklahoma 75.9 75.9 Steady
48.  Louisiana 75.7 75.7 Steady
49.  Alabama 75.5 75.5 Steady
49.  West Virginia 75.5 75.5 Steady
51.  Mississippi 75.0 75.0 Steady

American Medical Association Rankings (2016)[edit]

Rank State/Federal District Life Expectancy 2016[20] Life Expectancy 2010 [note 6] Change 2010-2016
1.  Hawaii 81.7 81.3 Increase 0.4
2.  California 81.2 80.8 Increase 0.4
3.  Minnesota 81.0 81.1 Decrease 0.1
3.  New York 81.0 80.5 Increase 0.5
5.  Connecticut 80.9 80.8 Increase 0.1
-  Puerto Rico 80.9 78.7 Increase 2.4
6.  Massachusetts 80.5 80.5 Steady
7.  New Jersey 80.4 80.3 Increase 0.1
8.  Washington 80.3 79.9 Increase 0.4
9.  Colorado 80.1 80.0 Increase 0.1
10.  Rhode Island 80.0 79.9 Increase 0.1
11.  North Dakota 79.8 79.4 Increase 0.4
12.  Nebraska 79.7 79.8 Decrease 0.1
12.  Vermont 79.7 80.5 Decrease 0.8
14.  Florida 79.6 79.4 Increase 0.2
14.  Utah 79.6 80.2 Decrease 0.6
14.  Oregon 79.6 79.5 Increase 0.1
17.  Arizona 79.5 79.6 Decrease 0.1
18.  Iowa 79.4 79.7 Decrease 0.3
18.  Wisconsin 79.4 80.0 Decrease 0.6
20.  New Hampshire 79.3 80.3 Decrease 1.0
21.  Illinois 79.2 79.0 Increase 0.2
21.  Idaho 79.2 79.5 Decrease 0.3
21.  Virginia 79.2 79.0 Increase 0.2
24.  Maryland 79.0 78.8 Increase 0.2
24.  South Dakota 79.0 79.5 Decrease 0.5
26.  Texas 78.9 78.5 Increase 0.4
26.  Wyoming 78.9 78.3 Increase 0.6
28.  Maine 78.7 79.2 Decrease 0.5
-  United States 78.7[17] 78.7 Steady
29.  Kansas 78.6 78.7 Decrease 0.1
30.  Montana 78.5 78.5 Steady
31.  Delaware 78.4 78.4 Steady
32.  District of Columbia 78.3 76.5 Increase 1.8
33.  Pennsylvania 78.2 78.5 Decrease 0.3
33.  Nevada 78.2 78.1 Increase 0.1
35.  Michigan 78.0 78.2 Decrease 0.2
36.  North Carolina 77.9 77.8 Increase 0.1
37.  Alaska 77.7 78.3 Decrease 0.6
38. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.6 77.2 Increase 0.4
38.  New Mexico 77.6 78.4 Decrease 0.8
40.  Missouri 77.4 77.5 Decrease 0.1
41.  Indiana 77.1 77.6 Decrease 0.5
42.  Ohio 77.0 77.8 Decrease 0.7
43.  South Carolina 76.9 77.0 Decrease 0.1
44.  Tennessee 76.1 76.3 Decrease 0.2
45.  Louisiana 76.0 75.7 Increase 0.3
46.  Arkansas 75.8 76.0 Decrease 0.2
46.  Oklahoma 75.8 75.9 Decrease 0.1
48.  Alabama 75.2 75.4 Decrease 0.2
48.  Kentucky 75.2 76.0 Decrease 0.8
50.  West Virginia 75.0 75.4 Decrease 0.4
51.  Mississippi 74.7 75.0 Decrease 0.3


Center For Disease Control and Prevention Rankings (2015)[edit]

Rank State/Federal District Life Expectancy 2015[21] Life Expectancy 2010 [note 7] Change 2010-2015
1.  Hawaii 82.0 81.3 Increase 0.7
2.  California 81.3 80.8 Increase 0.5
3.  Minnesota 81.0 81.1 Decrease 0.1
3.  New York 81.0 80.5 Increase 0.5
5.  Connecticut 80.9 80.8 Increase 0.1
-  Puerto Rico 80.9 78.7 Increase 2.4
6.  Massachusetts 80.7 80.5 Increase 0.2
7.  New Jersey 80.5 80.3 Increase 0.2
7.  Colorado 80.5 80.0 Increase 0.5
9.  Washington 80.3 79.9 Increase 0.4
10.  Florida 80.1 79.4 Increase 0.7
10.  New Hampshire 80.1 80.3 Decrease 0.2
12.  Vermont 80.0 80.5 Decrease 0.5
12.  Rhode Island 80.0 79.9 Increase 0.1
14.  Arizona 79.9 79.6 Increase 0.3
15.  Utah 79.8 80.2 Decrease 0.4
16.  North Dakota 79.7 79.4 Increase 0.3
18.  Maryland 79.6 78.8 Increase 0.8
18.  Nebraska 79.6 79.8 Decrease 0.2
18.  Oregon 79.6 79.5 Increase 0.1
16.  Wisconsin 79.6 80.0 Decrease 0.3
18.  Iowa 79.6 79.7 Decrease 0.1
22.  Virginia 79.4 79.0 Increase 0.4
22.  Idaho 79.4 79.5 Decrease 0.1
22.  South Dakota 79.4 79.5 Decrease 0.1
25.  Illinois 79.3 79.0 Increase 0.3
26.  Texas 79.0 78.5 Increase 0.5
27.  Maine 79.0 79.2 Decrease 0.2
27.  Wyoming 78.8 78.3 Increase 0.5
27.  Alaska 78.8 78.3 Increase 0.5
30.  Delaware 78.7 78.4 Increase 0.3
-  United States 78.7 78.7 Steady
31.  Kansas 78.6 78.7 Decrease 0.1
31.  Montana 78.6 78.5 Increase 0.1
31.  Pennsylvania 78.6 78.5 Increase 0.1
34.  District of Columbia 78.5 76.5 Increase 2.0
35.  Nevada 78.4 78.1 Increase 0.3
35.  New Mexico 78.4 78.4 Steady
37.  Michigan 78.2 78.2 Steady
38.  North Carolina 78.1 77.8 Increase 0.3
39. Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 77.7 77.2 Increase 0.7
40.  Missouri 77.6 77.5 Increase 0.1
40.  Ohio 77.6 77.8 Decrease 0.2
42.  Indiana 77.4 77.6 Decrease 0.2
43.  South Carolina 77.0 77.0 Steady
44.  Tennessee 76.3 76.2 Increase 0.1
45.  Louisiana 76.0 75.7 Increase 0.3
45.  Arkansas 76.0 76.0 Steady
47.  Kentucky 75.9 76.0 Decrease 0.1
48.  Oklahoma 75.8 76.0 Decrease 0.2
49.  Alabama 75.5 75.4 Increase 0.1
50.  West Virginia 75.3 75.4 Decrease 0.1
51.  Mississippi 75.0 75.0 Steady

Discrepancies[edit]

In the U.S. territories, the life expectancy values given by the CIA World Factbook (included in the table above) and those of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) are not the same. The table below shows the 2017 / 2018 values given by both organizations for these territories.

Territory United Nations (2018) Life expectancy, All
(in years),
CIA World Factbook
(2018) 		World Bank 2017 Life expectancy, All
(in years),
IHME (2017)
 American Samoa - 73.4 - 71.9
 Guam 80.74 76.0 79.365 73.3
 Northern Mariana Islands - 75.4 - 76.4
 Puerto Rico 80.69 80.9 79.635 78.1
 U.S. Virgin Islands 81.17 79.4 79.420 74.1

Source: CIA World Factbook,[3][4][5][6][7] Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington[22][23][24][25][26]

Life Expectancy in the United States 1900-2018 by the CDC

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
  2. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
  3. ^ Data in this column is from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for the states and D.C. (2017 data),[1] and the CIA World Factbook for the territories (2018 data).[3][4][5][6][7]
  4. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
  5. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
  6. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
  7. ^ Data is from 2013-2014 Measure of America Report,[8] and from CIA World Factbook archived captures from 2010[12][13][14][15][16]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IHME50 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "If you're an average American, you'll live to be 78.6 years old". Culture. December 7, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
  4. ^ a b c "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
  5. ^ a b c "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
  6. ^ a b c "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
  7. ^ a b c "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "The Measure of America 2013–2014 — Measure of America: A Program of the Social Science Research Council". www.measureofamerica.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  9. ^ "Data" (PDF). www.measureofamerica.org.
  10. ^ "U.S. life expectancy declines again, a dismal trend not seen since World War I - The Washington Post".
  11. ^ "Measure of America report 2018".
  12. ^ a b c d e f "CIA - The World Factbook". web.archive.org. December 5, 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "CIA - The World Factbook". web.archive.org. December 5, 2010.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "CIA - The World Factbook". web.archive.org. December 5, 2010.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "CIA - The World Factbook". web.archive.org. December 5, 2010.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "CIA - The World Factbook". web.archive.org. December 5, 2010.
  17. ^ a b c d "Mortality 2018" (PDF).
  18. ^ "Robert Wood Johnson Foundation".
  19. ^ "Subnational Human Development Index".
  20. ^ "American Medical association Life Expectancy by state 2016" (PDF).
  21. ^ "CDC Small Area Life Expectancy Project" (PDF).
  22. ^ "American Samoa". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. September 29, 2016.
  23. ^ "Guam". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. September 29, 2016.
  24. ^ "Northern Mariana Islands". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. September 29, 2016.
  25. ^ "Puerto Rico". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. September 29, 2016.
  26. ^ "Virgin Islands, U.S." Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. September 29, 2016.
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