Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on cinema

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A closed cinema in Kuala Lumpur in March 2020

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has impacted the film industry. Across the world and to varying degrees, cinemas and movie theaters have been closed, festivals have been cancelled or postponed, and film releases have been moved to future dates. As cinemas and movie theaters closed, the global box office dropped by billions of dollars, while streaming became more popular; the stock of film exhibitors dropped dramatically. Almost all blockbusters to be released after the March opening weekend were postponed or canceled around the world, with film productions also halted. Massive losses in the industry have been predicted.

The Chinese film industry had lost US$2 billion by March 2020, having closed all its cinemas during the Lunar New Year period that sustains the industry across Asia. The United States saw its lowest box office weekend since October 30–November 1, 1998 over March 13–15.

Box office[edit]

A Brooklyn cinema announcing its showings in February 2020; A Quiet Place Part II was subsequently withdrawn from release

In early March 2020, it was predicted that the global box office could lose US$5 billion as a result of the pandemic.[1][2]

Countries that are pandemic hot-spots have closed or restricted cinemas and movie theaters, negatively affecting film revenue. Attendance has also been lower in other regions. Following the pandemic in mainland China, 70,000 cinemas were closed in January 2020. In the first two months of 2020, China's box office was down to US$3.9 million, compared to US$2.148 billion in the first two months of 2019.[3] Later, as a result of the pandemic in Italy, on March 8, 2020 the Italian government ordered all cinemas to be closed, for up to a month. Before the closure, box office tracking estimated a 94% drop for the weekend of March 6–8 compared to the same period the previous year.[4] Because of the growing pandemic in France, cinemas are operating at half capacity, leaving strategic seats unavailable to reduce proximity in the screens,[5] a move followed days later by the Irish and Northern Irish cinema chain Omniplex Cinemas.[6] On March 12, Qatar also closed all cinemas.[7]

Percentage box office losses (outside of mainland China) for January to March 3, 2020 are: 70–75% in Italy, 60% in South Korea, 35% in Hong Kong, the Philippines, and Singapore, and 30% in Taiwan.[8] The Los Angeles box office, a key movie market and local economic backbone, was projected to fall by 20% in April 2020 compared to its 2019 figures, based on the state of emergency declared in the county at the start of March 2020.[8] Despite the state of emergency, as single screens within movie theaters do not hold more than 1,000 people, they were granted an exemption from the ban on mass public gatherings in California. A National Association of Theatre Owners representative for California and Nevada announced that theaters would stay open; historically, movie theaters have remained open during other similar emergencies.[9] However, a survey of Americans over the opening March weekend showed support for closing movie theaters.[5]

The opening March weekend saw a dramatically lower box office than the same weekend in 2019. The 2019 opening March weekend saw the release of Captain Marvel, which alone earned over US$153 million domestically that weekend, compared to the 2020 weekend's biggest film, Onward, with around US$39 million.[10][11] The next weekend saw the lowest total US box office intake since October 1998, with lower percentage drops than the weekend after 9/11, at US$55.3 million.[12] Onward itself saw the biggest weekend-to-weekend drop of any Pixar film, making $10.5 million, though was still the weekend's biggest film and the only one to make over $10 million.[12]

Scheduling[edit]

Awards[edit]

Two academy award ceremonies were held after the coronavirus became widespread: the 45th César Awards on February 28, and the 43rd Japan Academy Film Prize on March 6. The Japanese Academy Prize ceremony went ahead on March 6. However, the ceremony was conducted without any guests or journalists.[13] The 40th Golden Raspberry Awards was initially intended to take place as planned on March 14, 2020.[14] However, it was ultimately cancelled. The ceremony's winners were announced on the Razzies YouTube channel on March 16.[15]

The International Indian Film Academy Awards, planned to take place on March 27, was canceled,[2] while the Italian Academy's David di Donatello ceremony has been postponed from April to May.[16] The American Film Institute's lifetime achievement ceremony to honor Julie Andrews was pushed back from April to the summer.[17] The Royal Television Society Programme Awards in London is to be held with only nominees and the RTS representatives attending.[16] The 2020 Platino Awards were also postponed.[18]

Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards were postponed after previously being scheduled for March 22, 2020; a spokesperson said the company "will have further information about a new date in the future."[19]

The Juno Awards of 2020, a Canadian music awards event, was cancelled on March 12, 2020, three days before its scheduled presentation.[20]

Festivals[edit]

Multiple festivals and events have been cancelled or postponed.

Postponements include the Thessaloniki Documentary Festival, set to begin on March 5 and rescheduled for June 2020;[21] the Beijing International Film Festival, planned for April 2020 and postponed indefinitely;[22] the Prague International Film Festival, moved from late March to sometime later in 2020; the Bentonville Film Festival, set for April 29 – May 2 and moved to August;[16] the Istanbul International Film Festival set for April 10 to 21 and postponed to a later date in 2020;[23] and Tribeca Film Festival also postponed its 2020 edition.[7] The Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival, a two-week festival in March, experienced low attendance during its first week and postponed its second week to August 2020.[24] The 20th Beverly Hills Film Festival scheduled from April 1 to 15 is postponed indefinitely.[25] The 2020 Metro Manila Summer Film Festival, originally scheduled for April 11 to 21, was also postponed after the decision to place Metro Manila under community quarantine was announced.[26]

Canceled events include the Swiss International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights, planned for early March;[21] the Red Sea International Film Festival, which was to be held for the first time in March 2020;[2] the March 2020 South by Southwest (SXSW), which would have included film screenings;[27] the 2020 BFI Flare: London LGBTIQ+ Film Festival;[28] Nickelodeon's 2020 Slimefest festival;[29][30] the Disney+ European launch press event;[21] Fox Broadcasting Company's upfronts and program presentations; Qumra, the Doha Film Institute's international directors' conference; Hong Kong Filmart, a large film market event; the National Association of Theatre Owners' CinemaCon 2020;[31] and Lille's Series Mania television festival.[16] The 22nd edition of Ebertfest and the 44th edition of the Cleveland International Film Festival are cancelled.[32][33] New Jersey’s global film festival, Garden State Film Festival, scheduled for March 25 to 29, cancelled their in-person Asbury Park-based festival, however will be proceeding with the original schedule in a real-time live-streaming online format. [34]

The 2020 Cannes Film Festival sent out invitations on March 6, despite France implementing limits on public gatherings beyond its scheduled dates; the Cannes Television Festivals Canneseries and MIPTV chose not to run, however, with Canneseries rescheduling for October and MIPTV canceling its event.[2][35]

Films[edit]

Daniel Craig and Liu Yifei, the stars of No Time to Die and Mulan, have had their film releases affected

On January 22, the Chinese blockbuster Lost in Russia canceled its theatrical release and was sent to streaming platforms. It was made available to watch for free, a move said to encourage people to watch it and so stay at home. The next day, all theaters in China were closed. On January 31, Enter the Fat Dragon also premiered online.[36] Lost in Russia was streamed by 180 million accounts in the first three days after its release; China's highest-grossing film (and the highest-grossing non-English film ever) was 2017's Wolf Warrior 2, which had sold a total of 159 million tickets worldwide.[37] At the beginning of February, American films set to premiere in China over February and March were officially canceled.[36] Chinese media companies began making more films free online through January.[38] Asian markets also saw Chinese and Hong Kong film distributors cancel exports over the Lunar New Year holiday, including for the films Vanguard, Detective Chinatown 3, The Rescue, and Legend of Deification; Taiwanese film Do You Love Me As I Love You had its Asian release moved to April.[39] Cinemas in Asian countries without public restrictions have been increasing hygiene measures, with the spokesperson for one chain saying that they added more hand sanitiser dispensers, performed temperature checks on staff and moviegoers, cleaned facilities more frequently, and displayed public health warnings on the movie screens.[39] The Lunar New Year holiday is a large market for film releases across Asia, but was stunted in 2020 as the outbreak began rapidly spreading over this period.[39]

At the start of March, the James Bond film No Time to Die, which was scheduled to premiere in March 2020 and to wide release in April 2020, was postponed to November.[40] No Time to Die was the first film to change its planned release outside of China because of the coronavirus outbreak, and has opened discussions of dramatic implications on the film economy: many other productions had avoided scheduling releases at the same time as the 25th Bond film, and its new November date is in the busy holiday release period, leading to low box office intake in March/April and uncertain intake in November.[10] However, the postponement could reportedly generate more publicity for the film, and is also taking the familiar November release slot of the past two Bond films.[41] It has also been suggested that other high-profile films will follow and postpone releases, creating a similar effect.[10][40] Several other films soon followed in postponing their releases worldwide: the heavily-promoted Polish slasher film W lesie dziś nie zaśnie nikt (Nobody Sleeps in the Woods Tonight) was postponed from March 13 to some point in the future when the situation had settled,[42] and the political documentary Slay the Dragon had its theatrical release moved from March 13 to April 3.[16]

Peter Rabbit 2 was initially scheduled to be released in the UK and the US in late March and early April respectively, but due to uncertainty over the outbreak, the film was postponed to early August.[43] Sony Pictures, the film's production company, said that the changes internationally were because of coronavirus fears, with the US release moved in sync over worries of pirate copies and because the rival children's film DreamWorks/Universal's Trolls World Tour had moved its release date earlier, to the same weekend Peter Rabbit 2 was initially planned to release on.[44] Trolls World Tour's forward rescheduling takes it to what would have been No Time to Die's weekend (both are distributed by Universal), and leaves it as the biggest film in April.[45]

Other large films have postponed releases in certain countries. The Disney/Pixar film Onward, released on the opening March weekend, was not opened in the areas most affected by the coronavirus outbreak; while cinemas were closed in China, it also chose not to open in South Korea, Italy or Japan.[46] Other March 2020 releases A Quiet Place Part II and Mulan postponed their releases in affected areas, too. This prompted worry that, should March film openings underperform, blockbusters set for release in May (specifically Disney/Marvel's Black Widow and Universal's F9) would move their dates later in the calendar.[8][2] Mulan not opening in China, where it aimed to make most of its money, was particularly concerning,[47] especially with the possibility that pirate copies will appear and prevent Chinese people from going to see it in cinemas when it is released.[5] Comparatively, A Quiet Place Part II had not anticipated a large Chinese draw, as the box office for the first A Quiet Place in the country was only 10% of its total.[2]

On March 12, 2020, it was announced that the global release of A Quiet Place Part II would be delayed, based on widespread advice and policies against large gatherings.[48] On the same day, the release of Indian film Sooryavanshi, which was initially scheduled to release on March 24, was postponed indefinitely,[49][50] and the release of F9 was pushed to April 2021.[51] Mulan's March 12 London premiere went ahead without a red carpet,[51] and on March 13 it was announced that the film's wide release will be postponed; Disney also postponed the releases of Antlers and The New Mutants, but not Black Widow.[52] This is speculated to be because the other films are standalone, while moving Black Widow – the first film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Four – would affect the development and distribution of the future Marvel Cinematic Universe and the Marvel Disney+ works, with Disney holding off on an early postponement announcement:[53] on March 17, Disney postponed Black Widow and its other May releases, The Personal History of David Copperfield and The Woman in the Window.[54] Though it had earlier been speculated that Black Widow would be able to take Marvel's November release date planned for The Eternals,[8] it was not initially given a new date.[54]

The 2019 film Frozen II was originally planned to be released on Disney+ on June 26, 2020, before it was moved up to March 15. Disney CEO Bob Chapek explained that this was because of the film's "powerful themes of perseverance and the importance of family, messages that are incredibly relevant."[55][56] On March 16, 2020, Universal announced that The Invisible Man, The Hunt, Emma – all films in theaters at the time – would be available on demand as early as March 20 at a suggested price of US$19.99 each. Additionally, Trolls World Tour would receive the same treatment, being available in theaters and on demand, once it is released on April 10 in the United States and April 20 internationally.[57]

Productions[edit]

Film productions in the key outbreak zones (predominantly China, South Korea, and Italy) have changed their schedules, changed location, or have shut down completely. Sony Pictures closed its offices in London, Paris, and Poland after an employee was thought to have been exposed to the virus.[2] The Writers Guild of America and SAG-AFTRA have canceled all in-person meetings.[16] The Hengdian World Studios in Dongyang, China, has closed indefinitely.[38] The Filipino movie studios Star Cinema, Regal Entertainment and Cinema One Originals also suspended shooting of their films, effective March 15, the same day as a quarantine in Metro Manila and Cainta, Rizal was enacted.[58]

One of the first big production shutdowns was that of Mission: Impossible 7, which was filming in Venice, Italy when the crew was sent home and the sets left behind.[1] After actor Tom Hanks became infected with the coronavirus, the Elvis Presley biopic he was working on in Queensland, Australia, was shut down, with everyone on the production put into quarantine. Production company Warner Bros. began working with the Australian public health services to identify other people who may have been in contact with Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson, who had been performing at venues including the Sydney Opera House shortly before both were tested positive.[59] The Marvel Studios film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, which was also shooting in Australia, had its first unit production temporarily suspended on March 12, 2020 due to director Destin Daniel Cretton self-isolating himself while awaiting results for a coronavirus test, which came back negative.[60][61]

Several Chinese and Hong Kong films have stopped production, including Blossoms, the upcoming film directed by Wong Kar-wai, was scheduled to shoot in Shanghai;[62] Jia Zhangke's next film, which was planning to begin filming in China in April, but has been put on hold until at least next spring, with Zhangke saying he might even rewrite the script;[62] and Polar Rescue, a Donnie Yen film, which shut down production until the end of the year.[38]

Impacted productions[edit]

Suspended[edit]

Delayed[edit]

Theatrical releases delayed or cancelled[edit]

The following are a list of films that have had their theatrical releases cancelled, resulting in an alternative method of release, as well as films with delayed releases.

Cancelled[edit]

Delayed[edit]

Film Original release date New release date or action taken
Antebellum April 24, 2020 TBD[85]
Antlers April 17, 2020 TBD[86]
Black Widow May 1, 2020 TBD[87]
Bloodshot March 13, 2020 Delayed in China,[88] Italy, Japan and South Korea[citation needed]
Blithe Spirit May 1, 2020 September 4, 2020[89]
Blue Story March 20, 2020 TBD[90]
The Climb (2019 film) March 27, 2020 July 17, 2020[91]
Detective Chinatown 3 January 24, 2020 TBD[39]
Dream Horse April 17, 2020 Delayed in the United Kingdom[92]
F9 May 22, 2020 April 2, 2021[51]
Guns Akimbo February 28, 2020 Delayed in Poland, Norway and Ukraine[citation needed]
I Still Believe March 13, 2020 Delayed in Italy and Poland until further notice[citation needed]
Koko-di Koko-da March 27, 2020 TBD[93]
Legend of Deification January 25, 2020 TBD[39]
The Lovebirds April 3, 2020 TBD[90]
Mulan March 27, 2020 TBD[86]
My Spy March 13, 2020 April 17, 2020[94]
The New Mutants April 3, 2020 TBD[52]
No Time to Die April 10, 2020 November 25, 2020[40]
Onward March 6, 2020 Delayed in Italy, Japan and South Korea[46]
Our Ladies April 24, 2020 September 11, 2020[95]
Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway April 3, 2020 August 7, 2020[43]
A Quiet Place Part II March 20, 2020 TBD[48]
The Personal History of David Copperfield May 8, 2020 TBD[87]
Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project April 17, 2020 Delayed in the United Kingdom until September 17, 2020[96]
The Rescue January 25, 2020 TBD[39]
Run May 8, 2020 TBD[85]
The Secret Garden April 3, 2020 August 14, 2020[97]
Slay the Dragon March 13, 2020 April 3, 2020[16]
Sooryavanshi March 24, 2020 TBD[49]
Sonic the Hedgehog February 14, 2020 Delayed in China[88] and Japan[98] until further notice
Spiral May 15, 2020 TBD[85]
Vanguard January 25, 2020 TBD[39]
The Woman in the Window May 15, 2020 TBD[87]

Exhibitors[edit]

The Cineworld cinema at New Mersey Shopping Park in March 2020, operating as normal. Cineworld particularly suffered during the pandemic.

The stock of exhibitors, companies that own and finance showing films in cinemas and theaters, began and continued falling even as the global stock market rebounded. Mid-week on March 4, 2020, Cinemark fell by 0.53% and AMC by 3.5%.[99] That day, No Time to Die had its release postponed; by March 6, AMC's shares had fallen by 30% over two weeks. Between March 4 and 6, Cineworld's shares fell 20%,[2] and fell another 24% on March 12.[100] The falls result from a combination of AMC closing selected cinemas in Italy[99] and the lack of confidence in the market created by No Time to Die moving its release date; other new releases on its original opening weekend will not be as much of a draw for moviegoers and could result in financial losses for the chains showing them.[8] The in-theater advertising company National CineMedia also reported stock falling, by 1.25% on March 4.[99] By March 12, Cinemark, AMC and National CineMedia stocks had all fallen by over 35% since the beginning of the month.[101] Cineworld, which is the second biggest cinema chain in the world, warned on March 12, when multiple films pushed back their releases, that extended disruption and continuing falling stock could cause the company to collapse.[100][102] On March 15, Deadline reported that over 100 movie theaters in the US had closed, some due to local rulings and others because of an inability to keep them open with no demand.[12]

The BBC noted that popularity of streaming services could increase, especially if more people are isolated at home,[41] with The Guardian suggesting that non-blockbuster films may be sent to streaming more quickly than anticipated after release, to catch this market.[2] One popular movie to stream was 2011's Contagion, which moved up from being the 270th most-watched Warner Bros. film in December 2019 to become its 2nd most-watched film in 2020 (by March)[2][103] and entered the top 10 on ITunes movie rentals,[104] said to be because of the similarities its story bears to the outbreak.[2][103][104] The stock of Netflix increased in 2020 by March 12. The platform had released its original docu-series Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak at the end of January 2020.[37] Disney+ went live in India on March 11, eighteen days before it was set to, though Disney's shares had fallen by 23% on March 9.[37]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Except in the Philippines, where the film had already premiered on January 29, 2020 in theaters before the COVID-19 arrival in the country[83]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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