2020 Israeli legislative election

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2020 Israeli legislative election
Israel
← Sep 2019 2 March 2020 Next →
All 120 seats in the Knesset
61 seats needed for a majority
Turnout71.5% Increase
Party Leader % Seats ±
Likud Benjamin Netanyahu 29.46% 36 +4
Blue and White Benny Gantz 26.59% 33 0
Joint List Ayman Odeh 12.67% 15 +2
Shas Aryeh Deri 7.69% 9 0
UTJ Yaakov Litzman 5.98% 7 0
Labor–Gesher–Meretz Amir Peretz 5.83% 7 -3
Yisrael Beiteinu Avigdor Lieberman 5.74% 7 -1
Yamina Naftali Bennett 5.24% 6 -1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Benjamin Netanyahu 2018.jpg Benjamin Netanyahu (caretaker government)
Likud		 TBD

Legislative elections were held in Israel on 2 March 2020 to elect members of the twenty-third Knesset.[1] According to the relevant Basic Law, the elections were required to be held no later than the third Tuesday of the Hebrew month of Cheshvan four years after the previous election on 17 September 2019, making the latest possible date 31 October 2023.

However, on 11 December 2019, due to the continued failure by all parties to form the country's next government, early elections were called, the third within a year after the September and April 2019 elections. Israeli commentators expressed concerns that the political paralysis is severely weakening public trust in an already highly-polarized political system.[2][3]

Background[edit]

Further information: Thirty-fourth government of Israel, September 2019 Israeli legislative election, and List of members of the twenty-second Knesset

The extended period of political deadlock that led up to the election was the result of close races in April and September 2019 that left both incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and opposition favorite Benny Gantz unable to muster a 61-seat governing majority, in coalition with their respective blocs of smaller, ideologically-allied parties.

As a result, Netanyahu and Gantz agreed in principle that the only solution was a national unity government between Netanyahu's Likud and Gantz's Blue and White parties.[4] However, substantial disagreements over the terms of such a government prevented one from being formed, as Netanyahu demanded the inclusion of his allied right-wing, religious parties, and Gantz refused to cooperate with a Netanyahu-led Likud as long as he was under indictment for alleged bribery and fraud.

Orly Adas, director of the Central Elections Committee, cautioned that she lacked the necessary funding and staff to conduct a third election,[5] and President Reuven Rivlin stressed his desire to avoid calling one, repeatedly expressing his dismay at the failure to form a unity government. Nevertheless, as required by the Basic Law, he initiated on 21 November 2019 a 21-day period in which any member of the Knesset (MK) who received the support of 60 of their fellow lawmakers was allowed to try to form a government. After no MKs succeeded at this task by 11 December, Rivlin was forced to call the new election.[6]

Electoral system[edit]

Further information: Elections in Israel

The 120 seats in the Knesset are elected by closed list proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency. The electoral threshold for the election is 3.25%. In most cases, this implies a minimum party size of four seats, but it is mathematically possible for a party to pass the electoral threshold and have only three seats (since 3.25% of 120 members = 3.9 members).[7]

Surplus-vote agreements[edit]

Further information: D'Hondt method

Two parties can sign an agreement that allows them to compete for leftover seats as though they are running together on the same list. The Bader–Ofer method disproportionately favors larger lists, meaning that such an alliance is more likely to receive leftover seats than both of its comprising lists would be individually. If the alliance receives leftover seats, the Bader–Ofer calculation is then applied privately, to determine how the seats are divided among the two allied lists.[8] The following agreements were signed by parties prior to the election:

Date[edit]

With the deadline to form a government ending at 11 December at midnight, elections called 90 days later should have been held on 10 March. However, as that date would have conflicted with the Jewish holiday of Purim, the election would have to be held either one week earlier on 3 March, or one week later on 17 March.[10][5] A Knesset bill was required to be passed to allow the election date to be moved up to earlier in March.[11] The date of 3 March conflicted with Israeli memorial day, so Likud pushed for an election date of 16 March, while Blue and White wanted an election held on 2 March.[12] The two parties agreed to hold elections on 2 March 2020 and the required Knesset votes took place on 11 and 12 December to ratify 2 March.[13]

Primary elections[edit]

Likud[edit]

Further information: 2019 Likud leadership election

Parties[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see Party lists for the 2020 Israeli legislative election.
See also: List of political parties in Israel

Parliamentary factions[edit]

The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 22nd Knesset.

Name Ideology Symbol Primary demographic Leader September 2019 result
Votes (%) Seats
Blue and White Big tent
Liberalism 		פה – Benny Gantz 25.94%
33 / 120
Likud National liberalism
National conservatism 		מחל – Benjamin Netanyahu 25.15%
32 / 120
Joint List Big tent
Minority interests 		ודעם Israeli Arabs Ayman Odeh 10.45%
13 / 120
Shas Religious conservatism
Populism 		שס Sephardi and
Mizrahi Haredim 		Aryeh Deri 7.47%
9 / 120
Yisrael Beiteinu Nationalism
Secularism 		ל Russian-speakers Avigdor Lieberman 6.98%
8 / 120
United Torah Judaism Religious conservatism ג Ashkenazi Haredim Yaakov Litzman 6.09%
7 / 120
Jewish Home-National Union Religious Zionism
Religious conservatism 		טב Modern Orthodox and
Chardal Jews 		Rafi Peretz 5.87%
4 / 120
New Right National conservatism
Economic liberalism 		– Naftali Bennett[14]
3 / 120
Labor-Gesher Social democracy אמת – Amir Peretz 4.80%
6 / 120
Democratic Union Social democracy
Progressivism 		מרצ – Nitzan Horowitz 4.34%
5 / 120

Contesting parties[edit]

Ballot papers during the election
  • The central committee of the Likud party, on 8 December 2019, voted to cancel the primary for its electoral list.[15] However, an internal Likud court ruled on 19 December that it was unconstitutional, as the Likud constitution would have to be amended if primaries were cancelled.[16] The central committee approved, on 12 December, the holding of a leadership primary for the party on 26 December,[17] in which Netanyahu defeated his challenger, Gideon Sa'ar.[18] The Likud court, on 23 December 2019, overturned the decision to hold a primary for the Knesset slate.[19] Likud filed its list on 16 January.[20]
  • Yair Lapid of the Blue and White alliance (פה) indicated that he would abandon a previous agreement to rotate the premiership with Benny Gantz if another election takes place, meaning that only Gantz would be the Blue and White candidate for prime minister.[21] The party submitted its list on 15 January.[22]
  • Joint List (ודעם)[20]
  • Labor–Gesher–Meretz (אמת): Labor and Gesher announced on 15 December that they would stay together for the March election.[23] Labor announced on 15 December that Amir Peretz would remain head of the party.[24] Both of the decisions were ratified by the Labor Central Committee on 25 December, in addition to allowing Peretz to select two candidates for the first ten slots on the list, which would move down other candidates.[25] The Meretz party decided on 16 December against holding a leadership primary.[26] The party held a vote on 22 December and decided against holding a primary for the Knesset list (instead keeping the same slate of candidates as the previous election) and also confirmed Nitzan Horowitz as leader of the party.[27] The Democratic Union initially announced on 7 January 2020 that it would run in the elections.[28] On 7 January 2020, Peretz proposed the creation of a centre-left political alliance between his party, the Blue and White party, and the Democratic Union.[29] On 8 January, Gantz ruled out uniting with any party and suggested that Labor-Gesher merge with the Democratic Union.[30] On 12 January, Labor announced that it was negotiating a joint list with Meretz to prevent the possibility of either party not making the electoral threshold and not entering the Knesset.[31] Labor and Meretz announced a joint run on 13 January 2020,[32] with the Labor party central committee voting in favor of ratification of the alliance the following day.[33] Meretz approved the alliance on 14 January.[34] The alliance submitted its list on 15 January.[35]
  • Shas (שס)[36]
  • Yisrael Beiteinu (ל)[37]
  • United Torah Judaism(ג)[20]
  • Yamina (טב): The Jewish Home and Otzma Yehudit announced on 20 December that they would run on a joint list (later named the United Jewish Home)[38] and had called on Tkuma to join them.[39] However, Jewish Home leader Rafi Peretz faced backlash on 21 December from over 80 officials of the party (including Jewish Home's "number 2", Moti Yogev) indicating that Peretz reached the deal with Otzma Yehudit unilaterally, and further warning that if the deal was not annulled, they would "convene" the central committee and announce party primaries. (They claim Peretz was against open primaries as he supposedly was afrad of losing his leadership position). They also sought a vote on the merger by the parties' central committee.[40] The merger was approved by the central committee on 13 January.[41] Ayelet Shaked announced on 19 December that she would remain a member of the New Right, running as the number two on the party's list.[42] A joint run between itself and Tkuma was announced on 14 January,[43] following a collapse in negotiations between Tkuma and The Jewish Home.[44] One apparent cause for the collapse was the cancellation of the vote to approve the merger between Tkuma and Jewish Home.[45] The Jewish Home MK Moti Yogev,[46] Shaked,[47] New Right head Naftali Bennett and Tkuma head Bezalel Smotrich had all called on Peretz to join the New Right and Tkuma list.[48] Peretz had insisted that he would not abandon the agreement he signed with Otzma Yehudit,[49] though he ultimately reneged on his promise and the Jewish Home, Tkuma and the New Right reformed the Yamina alliance.[50]
  • The new Kol Hanashim Women's Party (נ), headed by Dr. Mazal Shaul, Sharon Roffe Ofir, Orit Taie and Dr. Elana Maryles Sztokman is running on a platform of women's leadership and gender equality.[51][52]

Not running[edit]

  • Moshe Feiglin of Zehut announced on 13 December 2019 that his party would not run in the election.[53]
  • Noam announced on 2 January 2020 that it would not run in the election.[54]
  • Stav Shaffir initially announced on 25 December that she would run independently as head of the Green Movement,[55] though was still working on creating an alliance of the Labor Party, Meretz, the Green Party and allies of former prime minister Barak, going as far as raising the possibility of giving her second slot on the Democratic Union list to Issawi Frej, an Arab member of Meretz.[56] She let go of her demand for the second place on the list on 4 January 2020 in an attempt to keep the Democratic Union list united,[57] though her Green Party was not included in the Democratic Union alliance[28] or the Labor-Gesher-Meretz alliance.[32] She rebutted Horowitz' claim that she was offered the fifth seat on the Meretz list, instead stating that she would have received the second slot, but at the cost of "ousting" Golan and "dismantling" the Democratic Union, which she was unwilling to do.[58] Shaffir announced on 15 January that her party would not contest the elections.[59]
  • Moshe Gerin of Tzomet announced that the party would not participate in the election and would instead support Likud.[60]

Opinion polls[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2020 Israeli legislative election

This graph shows the polling trends from the 17 September 2019 Israeli legislative election until election day using 4-poll moving average. Scenario polls are not included here.

For parties not crossing the electoral threshold (currently 3.25%) in any given poll, the number of seats is calculated as a percentage of the 120 total seats.

Exit polls[edit]

Three television channels released exit polls shortly after polls closed at 22:00. Following their release, Netanyahu tweeted "Thanks" in Hebrew.[61] Around three hours later, two of the channels released updated polls that took into account voting between 20:00 and 22:00, which showed a slight drop in predicted seats for the right-wing bloc.

Source Likud B&W JL Shas L–G–M UTJ Yamina YB
Channel 12 (initial) 37 33 14 9 7 7 7 6
Channel 13 (initial) 37 32 14 9 6 8 6 8
Kan 36 33 15 9 6 8 7 6
Channel 12 (updated) 37 32 15 9 7 7 6 7
Channel 13 (updated) 37 34 14 9 7 7 6 6
Source: The Times of Israel

Results[edit]

Israel Knesset 2020.svg
Party Votes % Seats +/–
Likud 1,352,449 29.46 36 +4
Blue and White 1,220,381 26.59 33 0
Joint List 581,507 12.67 15 +2
Shas 352,853 7.69 9 0
United Torah Judaism 274,437 5.98 7 0
Labor–Gesher–Meretz 267,480 5.83 7 –3
Yisrael Beiteinu 263,365 5.74 7 –1
Yamina 240,689 5.24 6 –1
Otzma Yehudit 19,402 0.42 0 0
Liberal–Economic Power 3,781 0.08 0 New
Women's Voice 2,773 0.06 0 New
Pirate Party 1,473 0.03 0 0
Mishpat Tzedek 1,375 0.03 0 New
Our Israeli Rights 980 0.02 0 0
Me and You 812 0.02 0 New
Ihud HaBrit VeHaShutafut 677 0.01 0 0
New Order 677 0.01 0 0
Koah Lehashpi'a 667 0.01 0 New
Mitkademet 622 0.01 0 0
Da'am–Green Economy–One Nation 612 0.01 0 0
Jewish Heart 516 0.01 0 New
Shama 442 0.01 0 New
Bible Bloc 389 0.01 0 0
Kama 350 0.01 0 0
Red and White 342 0.01 0 0
Vision 308 0.01 0 New
Social Leadership 271 0.01 0 0
Human Dignity 222 0.00 0 0
Action for Israel 210 0.00 0 New
Invalid/blank votes 25,073 – – –
Total 4,615,135 100 120 0
Registered voters/turnout 6,453,255 71.52 – –
Source: CEC (votes), Times of Israel (seats)

Aftermath[edit]

Further information: Thirty-fifth government of Israel

On 8 March 2020, Lieberman gave Gantz his backing to form a new government.[62] The next day, the Joint List agreed to work with Gantz and Lieberman to oust Netanyahu.[63] Orly Levy announced on 10 March that she would not support a minority government and had left the Labor–Gesher–Meretz alliance. Blue and White MKs Zvi Hauser and Yoaz Hendel had previously stated that they would not support a government that relied on the Joint List's support.[64] An aide to Gantz also stated that he plans to form a government by 23 March.[65] Lieberman and Labor party leader Amir Peretz also reaffirmed on 11 March that an alliance with the Joint List would not change their party's position on forming a political alliance with Gantz.[66] The elected MKs were sworn in on 16 March 2020.[67] On March 15, Israeli President Reuven Rivlin announced that he had asked Gantz to form the new government after Gantz received support from 61 of the 120 MKs.[68]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jonathan Lis (12 December 2019). "Israel to Hold Unprecedented Third Election in a Year After Knesset Dissolves". Haaretz.
  2. ^ "Real Voter Fraud Will Be a Third Israel Election. We Shouldn't Let It Happen". Haaretz. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. ^ "...And on the fourth (Election) Day, God said, 'don't go to the polls'". Ynet. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  4. ^ Staff writer (19 September 2019). "Gantz urges Rivlin to help ensure Israel does not go to third election". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  5. ^ a b Staff writer (6 December 2019). "Knesset legal adviser says March 3 set as date for possible 3rd elections". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  6. ^ Gil Hoffman (21 November 2019). "Rivlin hands over mandate, begs MKs to prevent third election". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  7. ^ "With Bader-Ofer method, not every ballot counts". The Jerusalem Post. 16 March 2014.
  8. ^ The Distribution of Knesset Seats Among the Lists—the Bader-Offer Method, Knesset website
  9. ^ a b c Gil Hoffman (12 February 2020). "Vote sharing deals leave Liberman out in the cold". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  10. ^ Lahav Harkov (21 November 2019). "Marching to Another Election". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  11. ^ Gil Hoffman (6 December 2019). "Gantz vows to beat Netanyahu if there are elections". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  12. ^ Gil Hoffman (8 December 2019). "Likud, Blue and White spar over election date". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  13. ^ Staff writer (12 December 2019). "Israel calls another election for March 2, the third in a year". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  14. ^ Nati Yefet (11 September 2019). "Naftali Bennett, not Ayelet Shaked, is chairman of New Right, party bylaws show". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  15. ^ Lahav Harkov (8 December 2019). "Likud divisions on display in turbulent meeting". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  16. ^ Jacob Magid (18 December 2019). "Likud court strikes down vote to cancel primaries for Knesset roster". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Israel: Likud Central Committee approves leadership primary on December 26". i24 News. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  18. ^ Wootliff, Raoul (27 December 2019). "Netanyahu quashes Likud leadership challenge from Sa'ar with over 72%". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  19. ^ Gil Hoffman (23 December 2019). "Likud MK Gideon Sa'ar says he wants Benjamin Netanyahu to be president". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  20. ^ a b c Raoul Wootliff (16 January 2020). "From powerhouses to Pirates, parties file for March vote just under the buzzer". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  21. ^ Raoul Wootliff (9 December 2019). "Lapid gives up rotation deal with Gantz in bid to boost Blue and White". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  22. ^ "Photo: Blue & White submitted its list to the Knesset". Arutz Sheva]. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  23. ^ Staff writer (15 December 2019). "Labor, Gesher say they're sticking together for the March election". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  24. ^ Staff writer (17 December 2019). "Labor votes to keep Amir Peretz at helm". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  25. ^ Raoul Wootliff (25 December 2019). "Labor okays contentious motion letting Peretz reserve 2 candidates of his choice". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  26. ^ Jonathan Lis (17 December 2019). "Israel's Left-wing Meretz Party to Keep Chairman, Mulls Future of Merger". Haaretz. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  27. ^ "Meretz to keep Knesset list in upcoming elections". Arutz Sheva. 22 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  28. ^ a b Jacob Magid (7 January 2020). "2 of 3 left-wing slates that make up Democratic Camp ink deal to stick together". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  29. ^ Staff writer (7 January 2020). "Labor-Gesher proposes union of center-left with Blue and White, Democratic Camp". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  30. ^ Staff writer (8 January 2020). "Center-left Labor asks centrist Blue and White to join forces, is turned down". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  31. ^ Raoul Wootliff (12 January 2020). "Labor, Meretz close in on deal to run as joint slate in March elections". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  32. ^ a b Elad Benari (13 January 2020). "Labor and Meretz agree on joint run". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  33. ^ "Labor Conference approves the Labor-Gesher-Meretz joint run". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  34. ^ Elad Benari (15 January 2020). "Meretz approves agreement with Labor". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  35. ^ "Photo: Labor-Gesher-Meretz party submits its list to the Knesset". Arutz Sheva]. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  36. ^ "Photo: Shas submits list to the 23rd Knesset". Arutz Sheva. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  37. ^ "Yisrael Beytienu submitted its list to the Knesset". Arutz Sheva. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  38. ^ Jacob Magid (31 December 2019). "Smotrich says he won't join Jewish Home-Otzma Yehudit merger 'at any cost'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  39. ^ Hezki Baruch (20 December 2019). "Jewish Home, Otzma Yehudit agree to joint run". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  40. ^ Jacob Magid (21 December 2019). "Jewish Home chief under fire from within his party for merger with Otzma Yehudit". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  41. ^ Amichai Atali (13 January 2020). "Jewish Home approves joint running with Otzma Yehudit". Ynet. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  42. ^ Jacob Magid (19 December 2019). "Shaked says she's sticking with New Right as Bennett's No. 2". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  43. ^ "Bennett, Smotrich, and Shaked agree to joint run, call Rafi Peretz to join alliance". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  44. ^ Staff writer (14 January 2020). "Moments before closing deal, talks between national religious parties blow up". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  45. ^ Jeremy Sharon (14 January 2020). "Netanyahu pressuring Bennett to bring in far-right party". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  46. ^ "MK Yogev to Rabbi Peretz: Unite with the New Right". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  47. ^ "Shaked to Peretz: 'Put the disputes aside and join the union". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  48. ^ "Rabbi Peretz faces heavy pressure to join unified list". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  49. ^ "Minister Rabbi Peretz: I will not break the agreement with Ben Gvir". Arutz Sheva. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  50. ^ Staff writer (15 January 2020). "Bennett, Peretz, Smotrich agree to joint run without Ben Gvir". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  51. ^ "New women's party aims to be surprise of election". The Jerusalem Post. 14 January 2020.
  52. ^ "New 'Kol Hanashim' women's party to submit list of 120 candidates for Knesset". Arutz Sheva.
  53. ^ Michael Bachner (13 December 2019). "Moshe Feiglin says his right-wing Zehut party won't run in March elections". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  54. ^ Jeremy Saltan [@TheJeremyMan] (2 January 2020). "The Noam party announced tonight they will not run the upcoming election. That is a big win for Otzma" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 January 2020 – via Twitter.
  55. ^ Moran Azulay (25 December 2019). "MK Stav Shaffir to head Green Party in coming elections". Ynet. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  56. ^ Gil Hoffman (29 December 2019). "Shaffir gives up second slot for Arab MK". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  57. ^ "Changing her tune, MK Stav Shaffir says she won't demand Democratic Union's second spot". Arutz Sheva. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  58. ^ "Shaffir to Horowitz: 'Glad you've united, It's a shame about the lies'". The Jerusalem Post. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  59. ^ Staff writer (15 January 2020). "Snubbed by Labor and Meretz, Shaffir announces she won't run in March election". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  60. ^ Gil Hoffman (16 February 2020). "Tzomet party drops out of Knesset race, leaving 29". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  61. ^ Holmes, Oliver (2 March 2020). "Israel election: exit poll puts Netanyahu ahead but short of majority". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  62. ^ Aaron Rabinowitz; Haaretz (8 March 2020). "Gantz Agrees to Lieberman's Terms for Entering Government". Haaretz.
  63. ^ "Israel's Gantz woos Joint List after reaching agreement with Lieberman". Middle East Eye. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  64. ^ Gil Hoffman (10 March 2020). "Orly Levy's flipflop kills minority government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  65. ^ "Gantz said planning to put together minority government by March 23". Times of Israel. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  66. ^ "Gantz, Peretz press ahead with center-left coalition bid despite setbacks". The Times of Israel. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  67. ^ Gil Hoffman (16 March 2020). "MKs sworn in to Knesset in ceremony adhering to coronavirus rules". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  68. ^ Raoul Wootliff; Staff writer (15 March 2020). "Rivlin to task Gantz with forming government after he receives 61 endorsements". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 March 2020.

External links[edit]

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